Kusanthula pa Chiyembekezo Chachitukuko cha Makampani Otsogola Ku China

Mu 2017, kudzera m'magawo a oyang'anira dziko komanso oyang'anira chitetezo cha chilengedwe, kuyimitsidwa kwakukulu kwamafuta ang'onoang'ono "atatu-ayi" kudachedwetsa mpikisano wobwezeretsanso mabatire ogwiritsidwa ntchito pamsika, ndipo mabatire ogwiritsidwa ntchito ambiri adatsikira mpaka ovomerezeka.makampani otsogola opangidwanso.

Pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa ma smelters akulu ndi pafupifupi 60%, ndipo magwiridwe antchito ang'onoang'ono "atatu-ayi" ndi osakwana 10%.Kutsika kwakukulu kuchoka pa 80% chaka chatha kufika pakugwiritsa ntchito panopa zosakwana 10% kwachititsa kuti pakali pano palibe kukonzanso mabatire ogwiritsidwa ntchito pamsika.

Pakadali pano, opanga ovomerezeka ambiri akunyumba ambiri ali ndi mapulani owonjezera kupanga ndikukulitsa kupanga.Chiwerengero cha ntchito mu 2018 chidzapitirira kuwonjezeka ndipo zotulukapo zidzapitirira kukwera, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti msika wa batri wowonongeka wayamba kusunthira kumayendedwe ovomerezeka.

Chotsatira ndi chochitika chachikulu, chomwe chili chofunikira kwambiri kwa ogulitsa ndi okonza omwe akukhudzana ndi mabatire omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito.

"Pulogalamu Yoyendetsera Ntchito Yowonjezera ya Wopanga Ntchito" yoperekedwa ndi General Office of the State Council imakulitsa udindo wazinthu ndi chilengedwe cha opanga zinthu zawo kuchokera pakupanga kupita ku dongosolo la kapangidwe kazinthu, kufalikira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito., kubwezeredwa, kutaya ndi zina zamoyo zonse.

Mgulu woyamba wa mndandanda woyendetsa ndege ndi: Tianneng Group (Henan) Energy Technology Co., Ltd. idagwirizana ndi Tianneng Group (Puyang) Renewable Resources Co., Ltd., Chaowei Power Co., Ltd. ndi Taihe County Dahua EnergyTechnology Co., Ltd. inagwirizana kupanga mabatire a lead-acid, sails Co., Ltd. ikugwirizana ndi Hebei Gangan Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd.

Ndiko kunena kuti, opanga mabatire motsogozedwa ndi Tianneng ndi Chaowei adzayankha ku mfundo za dziko ndikulowa m'munda wobwezeretsanso batire ya lead-acid pamlingo waukulu.

Malinga ndi magwero ofunikira, Tianneng ndi Chaowei amaliza ntchito yokonzekera, ndipo akhazikitsa mwalamulo ntchito yobwezeretsanso mabatire a zinyalala kumapeto kwa chaka chatha.Pankhani yobwezeretsanso, ikuyembekezeka kukhala ngati wothandizila am'deralo, ndipo ndizotheka kugwirizana ndi omwe amagawa magawo oyamba.

M'tsogolomu, msika wa batri ukhoza kupita kwa othandizira a Tianneng ndi Chaowei kuti akatenge mabatire atsopano ndikugulitsa mabatire akale m'mbuyomu.

Kuwunika pa Chiyembekezo cha Chitukuko cha Makampani Otsogola Obwezerezedwanso aku China

1.Kuchuluka kwa oyang'anira chitetezo cha chilengedwe kwakwezedwa, ndipo gawo lolowera mumakampani lakwezedwa

Ndondomeko yamakampani otsogola yalimbikitsidwa mosalekeza kulimbikitsa kusintha kwa mafakitale ndi kukweza.Kuwonongeka kosungunula kwa lead nthawi zonse kwakhala vuto loteteza chilengedwe pamakampani otsogola.Madzi otayira amtovu omwe ali munjira yosungunula amawononga chilengedwe komanso mlengalenga.Makampani otsogola ali ndi ukadaulo wammbuyo ndi zida, ndipo chodabwitsa cha kugawa kwamwazi ndizovuta;makampani otsogola achiwiri nthawi zambiri amakhala ang'onoang'ono, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, kuipitsidwa kwambiri komanso kuchepa kwapang'onopang'ono, ndipo ndikofunikira kulimbikitsa utsogoleri wamakampani otsogola.Kuyambira mchaka cha 2011, boma lapereka motsatizana ndondomeko zamakampani otsogolera komanso njira zothandizira kuti ziwongolere chitukuko chabwino chamakampani kuyambira pakukonza zachitukuko, kupeza mwayi kwamakampani popewa komanso kuwongolera kuwononga chilengedwe.

Mu Marichi 2011, National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Environmental Protection ndi madipatimenti ena asanu ndi anayi pamodzi adapereka "Chidziwitso Chokhudza Kukwaniritsa Mwakuya kwa Ntchito Zapadera Zothetsera Mabizinesi Otulutsa Zinthu Mosaloledwa Kuteteza Thanzi la Anthu ndi Chitetezo Chachilengedwe mu2011", kutenga kukonzanso kwa makampani a batire a lead-acid ngati ntchito yayikulu yachitetezo chapadera cha 2011.Ndikofunikira kuchita kafukufuku wokwanira wamabizinesi omwe ali ndi batire ya lead-acid ndikuwongolera mwatsatanetsatane kuphwanya kwachilengedwe.

Mu Seputembala 2012, Unduna wa Zamakampani ndi Upangiri Waukadaulo ndi Unduna wa Zachitetezo cha chilengedwe mogwirizana adapereka "Zomwe Mungapezere Makampani Otsogola" omwe adathandizira kulimbikitsa chitukuko chokhazikika komanso chathanzi chamakampani opanga zobwezerezedwanso., kupititsa patsogolo kuchuluka kwa momwe chuma chimagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso kuchuluka kwa kusungidwa kwa mphamvu ndi kuteteza chilengedwe, ndikulimbikitsa kukhathamiritsa ndi kukweza kwamakampani.

Kuwunika pa Chiyembekezo cha Chitukuko cha Makampani Otsogola Obwezerezedwanso aku China

Ndikuwongolera mosalekeza kwa kukhazikika kwamakampani, kufunikira ndi magwiridwe antchito a mfundo zoyenera zalimbikitsidwanso.Mu Disembala 2016, Unduna wa Zachitetezo cha chilengedwe udakonzansonso "Access Conditions for Recycled Lead Industry" munthawi yake ndikutulutsa "Regulation Conditions", zomwe zidapititsa patsogolo miyezo yamakampani.Cholepheretsa kulowa.Pakadali pano, pali njira zitatu zoyambira zobwezeretsanso:

Kulowa m'mafakitale (1): Chilolezo cha bizinesi ya zinyalala zowopsa.

Mabatire otayidwa a asidi otayira, chinthu chachikulu cha mtovu wobwezerezedwanso, ndi zinyalala zowopsa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.Boma lawongolera mosamalitsa ndikuwunikanso maulalo ofunikira monga kusonkhanitsa, kusamutsa, kusungirako, ndi chithandizo, ndipo lakhazikitsa njira zingapo zamabizinesi.Mu July 2004, pofuna kulimbikitsa kuyang'anira ndi kuyang'anira ntchito zowononga zinyalala zoopsa, kusungirako ndi kutaya ntchito zamalonda, ndikuletsa zinyalala zowononga kuti zisawononge chilengedwe, Bungwe la State Council linavomereza ndikulengeza "Njira Zoyang'anira Zilolezo Zamalonda Zowopsa", zomwe.idasinthidwa mu February 2016. Olembera ayenera kutumiza ziphaso zotsimikizira ku Unduna wa Zachitetezo cha chilengedwe cha boma la anthu la chigawo, dera lodziyimira pawokha, kapena ma municipalities molunjika pansi pa Boma Lalikulu ndikuchita kuyendera pamalowo.Iwo omwe akwaniritsa zofunikira atha kungotenga nawo gawo pakutolera, kusunga ndi kutaya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinyalala zoopsa pambuyo popereka ziphaso.

Kufikira kubizinesi (2): zizindikiro zotulutsa zowononga zitsulo zolemera.

Mu Ogasiti 2012, Unduna wa Zachitetezo cha chilengedwe udapereka Malamulo Ochulukitsitsa a Kuwunika kwa Zizindikiro Zotulutsa Zowonongeka Zowonongeka Kwambiri, zomwe zidatenga mpweya woipa wazitsulo zolemera zomwe zidatsimikiziridwa ndi kalembera wa 2007 monga maziko, makamaka pokonzekera.za data yoyambira yaukadaulo, kutsimikizira kwa data ndi kutsimikizira, kuwunika kwa data ndi kutsimikizira.Kutulutsa kokwanira kwazinthu zisanu zowononga zitsulo zazikulu, kuphatikiza lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium ndi metalloid arsenic, zimawunikidwa m'magawo atatu owerengera ndalama ndi kuzindikira.Mu Epulo 2014, mzinda wa Taizhou, m'chigawo cha Zhejiang udakulitsa mfundo zake zopulumutsa mphamvu komanso kuchepetsa utsi, ponena kuti makampani omwe amataya zitsulo zolemera kwambiri kuposa muyezo wanthawi zonse katatu ndi kutaya zinyalala zowopsa zopitilira matani atatu azichitika mwaumbanda.udindo.

Upangiri Wofikira Pamakampani (3): Mndandanda wamabatire a lead-acid ndi makampani ena otsogola omwe amakwaniritsa zofunikira za malamulo ndi malamulo oteteza chilengedwe.

Mu April 2013, kuti akwaniritse "Maganizo a State Council pa Kulimbitsa Ntchito Yofunika Kwambiri Yoteteza Chilengedwe" ndi "Pulogalamu ya Zaka khumi ndi ziwiri za Kupewa Kwambiri ndi Kuwongolera Kuwonongeka Kwambiri kwa Zitsulo", Ministry of EnvironmentalChitetezo chachita motsatizana mabatire atatu a lead-acid ndikukonzanso mabizinesi amtovu kuti ateteze chilengedwe.ntchito yotsimikizira.Unduna wa Zachitetezo cha chilengedwe udatenga pafupifupi chaka ndi theka kulengeza mabatire atatu a lead-acid omwe amakwaniritsa zofunikira za malamulo ndi malamulo oteteza chilengedwe pambuyo pa maulalo asanu: kudziyesa okha, kuyesa koyambirira ndi dipatimenti yoteteza zachilengedwe m'chigawo, chidziwitso cha akatswiri.kuunikanso, kuyang'anira malo ndi malo osiyanasiyana owunikira chitetezo cha chilengedwe, komanso kulengeza kwa anthu.ndi mndandanda wamakampani otsogola obwezerezedwanso.Makampani okwana 40 adutsa pakuwunika kwachitetezo cha chilengedwe, kuphatikiza makampani asanu otsogola omwe asinthidwanso.

2.Dongosolo laudindo wopanga limalimbikitsa kukonzanso kwamakampani, ndipo gawo lalikulu la zobwezeretsanso lead zimasamutsidwa kwa opanga otsika

Kwa nthawi yayitali, mumndandanda wamakampani oyendetsa batire yotsogolera yobwezeretsanso, opanga mabatire ndikubwezeretsanso zinyalala zamabatire ndi mabizinesi otsogola akhala akuchita ntchito zawo.Pamsika wopeza mabatire a lead-acid, zopitilira 60% za zinyalala zimathamangira kumalo obwezeretsanso zinyalala popanda ziyeneretso zobwezeretsanso chifukwa chakuchepa kwa omwe amapereka ntchito pafupipafupi komanso obwezeretsanso zilolezo, komanso kukwera mtengo kwa zobwezeretsanso.Kutaya msika ndi misonkhano yosungunula yosaloledwa sikuletsedwa ndi zizindikiro zoteteza chilengedwe, ndondomekoyi ndi yosavuta, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wotsika.Panthawi ina, msika wa 40% wamabizinesi ovomerezeka ndi 60% mabizinesi osungunula osaloledwa adapangidwa.

Kuyambira chaka cha 2016, gulu loteteza zachilengedwe layendera mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono m'zigawo zambiri, ndipo makina osungunula "three no" atsekedwa pamlingo waukulu.95% ya osungunula lead osaloledwa m'maboma a Shandong ndi Henan adaletsedwa.Zikuyembekezeka kuti kuyendera mosamalitsa kwachitetezo cha chilengedwe kudzakhala chizolowezi mtsogolo.Zofunikira pakupeza "Regulation Conditions for Recycled Lead Lead" yokhala ndi matani opitilira 100,000 pachaka zidzakwezanso gawo lamakampaniwo, ndipo kukhazikika komanso kuyimitsidwa kwamakampani otsogola obwezerezedwanso kudzawonjezeka mtsogolo.Kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2016, Bungwe la State Council linapereka "Promotional Plan for the Extended Producer Responsibility System", kutsindika udindo wamoyo wonse wa opanga mabatire a lead-acid pazogulitsa.Kuwonjeza kwa mafakitale a batri mpaka kumunsi kwa mtsinje wobwezeretsanso ndi kukonzanso maulalo kwakhala njira yotukula makampani.

Mu 2017, Chaowei Group, Shanghai Xinyun Precious Metals Recycling Co., Ltd. ndi Shanghai Nonferrous Metals Network anakhazikitsa malo owonetsera mabatire a lead-acid-acid ku Shanghai, pogwiritsa ntchito malo 300,000 ogulitsa mabatire a lead-acid m'dziko lonselo kuti apite patsogolo.kutsogolera njira zobwezereranso.Camel Group imadalira ogulitsa opitilira 1,000 ndi ogulitsa 50,000 m'dziko lonselo kuti apange network yobwezeretsanso dziko lonse.Opanga mabatire ali ndi zabwino zake popanga ma netiweki obwezeretsanso mabatire a zinyalala, ndipo amatha kudalira maukonde omwe alipo kuti azibwezeretsanso mabatire a zinyalala kumapeto kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito posintha zinthu.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pali njira zambiri zowonjezeretsanso, ndipo njira monga "trade-in" zitha kukhazikitsidwa kuti ziwongolere kuchuluka kwa zobwezeretsanso.

Kuphatikiza pa ma netiweki obwezeretsanso mabatire, opanga mabatire akuluakulu ayambanso kutaya mabatire a zinyalala ndikuwongoleranso mphamvu zotsogola: Battery ya Tianneng ikukonzekera kukhazikitsa mabatire awiri akale obwezeretsanso mabatire ku East China ndi North China, ndikufika pakutha kukonza.matani 400,000/chaka pofika kumapeto kwa 2017;Huabo Technology, wocheperapo wa Narada Power, tsopano ndi processing mphamvu matani 430,000 zinyalala mabatire ndi mphamvu yopanga matani 300,000 zobwezerezedwanso kutsogolo, ndipo akufuna kuwonjezera 600,000 matani processing mphamvu ndi 460,000 matani zobwezerezedwanso kutsogolera mphamvu kupanga mu 2018.;Pakali pano ngamila ikukonzekera matani 500,000 a mphamvu zowononga batire.Opanga mabatire a lead-acid amakhala ndi njira yotsekeka yamafakitale ya lead-acid-lead recycle-recycled lead lead, yomwe imatha kukulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito kutsogolera, kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa kwa lead, kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira, ndikupanga mapindu atsopano kudzera pakubwezeretsanso mabatire a zinyalala.ndi kupanga zobwezerezedwanso za lead.

3.Kufalikira kwa mitengo yobwezeretsanso kwakula, ndipo phindu la maulalo obwezeretsanso lapita patsogolo

Mu 2014, pafupifupi matani 1 miliyoni a mabatire otayira adalowa m'mafakitale osakhazikika "atatu", zomwe zidapangitsa 41% ya zinyalala zonse zomwe zidapezedwa ndikukonzedwa chaka chimenecho.Kuyambira 2015, kuyang'anira chitetezo cha chilengedwe kwalimbikitsidwa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono osayenerera komanso osagwirizana ndi malamulo osungunula atsekedwa.Kuchuluka kwa mabatire a zinyalala za acid-acid omwe adakonzedwa koyambirira ndi zosungunulira zing'onozing'ono zidzasamutsidwa kumalo otsogolera akuluakulu komanso ovomerezeka omwe amapangidwanso ndi akatswiri.Malinga ndi ziwerengero, pali pafupifupi 30 opanga otsogola achiwiri m'dziko lonselo ndi masikelo opitilira matani 100,000, makamaka ku Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu ndi zigawo zina.Zikuyembekezeka kuti pakuwongolera mosalekeza kwa zofunikira zachitetezo cha chilengedwe, kuchuluka kwamakampani kuchulukirachulukira m'zaka zingapo zikubwerazi, kuphatikizira kuchulukitsitsa kwa miyala yamtovu yapakhomo komanso kuwongolera pang'onopang'ono kwa kufunikira kwa kutsika kwa mitsinje, idzakhala ndi mphamvu zogulitsira zamphamvu zakutsika.mabizinesi, ndipo mtengo ukuyembekezeredwa kuti ukhalebe wotukuka.

Kukwera kwa mtengo wa lead kumayendera limodzi ndi kukulitsa kwa kusiyana kwamitengo yobwezeretsanso, ndipo mabizinesi okonza adzapindula nako.Malingana ndi deta yochokera ku Shanghai Nonferrous Metals Network, pa August 16, mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa lead unali 19,330 yuan, kukwera 21.04% kuchokera ku 15,970 yuan kumapeto kwa May;pa Ogasiti 16, mtengo wotsogola wa mabatire a zinyalala ku Anhui unali 9,100 yuan, kukwera 10.98% kuchokera ku 8,200 yuan kumapeto kwa Meyi., chiwonjezekocho ndi chaching'ono kwambiri kusiyana ndi mtengo wotsogolera wotsiriza, chifukwa mabizinesi obwezeretsanso ndi kusungunula atsika kwambiri, ndipo mabizinesi akuluakulu obwezeretsanso awonjezera luso lawo lolipira ndalama zowononga mabatire.Mabizinesi okonza mabizinesi adapindula ndikukwera kwamitengo yotsogola kuchokera kuzinthu ziwiri.Kumbali imodzi, msonkho wa 30% wamtengo wapatali unaperekedwa ndipo maziko a kubwezeredwa kwa msonkho adawonjezeka, zomwe zinayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa msonkho wa msonkho;kumbali ina, kuwonjezereka kwa mtengo wa mtovu wotsirizidwa kunali kokwera kuposa kuwonjezereka kwa mtengo wobwezeretsanso mabatire a zinyalala, ndipo phindu la phindu linakulitsidwa mowonjezereka.

4.Kugawana mayendedwe + njira ziwiri, chuma chozungulira chimapangitsa kuti Pareto azikhala bwino

Mu Januwale 2017, "Promotional Plan for Extension of Producer Responsibility System" idafuna kuti udindo wa opanga uwonjezeke ku mbali zinayi: kupanga mapangidwe achilengedwe, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zobwezerezedwanso, kulinganiza zobwezeretsanso ndi kukulitsa kuwululidwa kwa chidziwitso, ndi lead-mabatire a asidi adaphatikizidwa mu gulu loyamba la kukhazikitsa.mkati.Mtundu wozungulira wachuma ukuyembekezeka kupititsa patsogolo kuchuluka kwamakampani otsogola achiwiri.M'tsogolomu, msika udzakhala ndi makampani otsogola ochepa omwe atsegula maunyolo okwera ndi otsika.Bizinesi yotsogolera yobwezeretsanso idzagawana njira zogulitsira zomwe zilipo ndikuchita njira ziwiri.Mtengo ukuyembekezeka kutsika kwambiri ndipo malo opindulitsa adzatsegulidwa.Wopanga batire amapanga unyolo wamakampani ozungulira, amadula zolumikizira zam'mbuyo zam'mbuyo, kupanga kwakukulu kumachepetsa kuipitsidwa, kugawana njira + njira ziwiri zochepetsera bwino ndalama, timakhulupirira kuti zikhala Pareto mulingo woyenera kwambiri.luso mu zobwezerezedwanso kutsogolera makampani tsogolo wabwinobwino.

M'mwezi wa Marichi 2017, National Environmental Protection Lead-acid Battery Production and Recycling Engineering Technology Center for Pollution Prevention and Control Kutengera zomwe adachita Chaowei Group, idakhazikitsa komiti yoyendetsa mabatire a lead-acid.Komiti yoyendetsa ndegeyi imapangidwa ndi makampani odziwika bwino a batire ya acid-acid monga Chaowei, Tianneng, Ngamila, ndi Fengfan, omwe akutsogolera makampani otsogola monga Hubei Jinyang ndi Jiangsu Xinchunxing, komanso China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association, China Renewable Resources Recycling.Association, China Battery Industry Association, Shanghai Mgwirizano wamakampani oteteza zachilengedwe ndi mabungwe ena okhudzana nawo amapangidwa.Makampani omwe ali mu komitiyi amatenga zoposa 80% ya mphamvu yopangira mabatire ndi kutsogolera kwachiwiri, komanso mabungwe onse okhudzana ndi mafakitale.Cholinga chake chachikulu ndikukhazikitsa pamodzi njira yasayansi ndi yokwanira yobwezeretsanso ndikulimbikitsa njira yabwino ya "production-consumption-recycling-utilization" ya zinthu za batri ya lead-acid polimbikitsa magulu osiyanasiyana amagulu.

Mu Meyi 2017, Chaowei adasaina pangano la mgwirizano ndi Shanghai Xinyun Precious Metals Recycling Co., Ltd.pangani chitsanzo cha Shanghai lead-acid yobwezeretsanso batire.Chaowei imagwiritsa ntchito malo ogulitsa 300,000 ndi katundu wa mabungwe 25 m'dziko lonselo.Pomwe ikukwanilitsa kukonzanso kwake kokhazikika, imapanganso njira yobwezeretsanso ya "kale-kwa-zatsopano, zosinthika" zamabizinesi amakampani.

Mu June 2017, Camel Co., Ltd. inanena kuti kampaniyo yatumiza mafakitale obwezeretsanso mabatire a lead-acid m'malo ambiri m'dziko lonselo, ndipo imagwiritsa ntchito maukonde okhwima akampani m'dziko lonselo kuti agwiritsenso ntchito mabatire a lead-acid.kukwaniritsa njira ziwiri zamabatire mkati mwa njira zake.Makampani otsogola atumiza maukonde obwezeretsanso kutsogolera m'modzi pambuyo pa mnzake, ndipo makampani abweretsa nthawi yatsopano yachitukuko.